IVI Madrid (Aravaca flagship)

Spanish pharmacies (farmacias), marked by a green cross sign, follow a pharmacist-led model where many medications available only by prescription elsewhere can be purchased over the counter under pharmacist supervision — including standard-dose pain relievers, antacids, antihistamines, and sleep aids like melatonin. Antibiotics strictly require a prescription from a licensed doctor. Every neighborhood has a rotating farmacia de guardia (duty pharmacy) open nights and weekends, with its address posted on the door of every closed pharmacy.

Tap water is safe to drink throughout Spain and meets EU quality standards — Madrid's water is considered among the purest in Europe. In coastal areas, the water is safe but may have a mineral taste from desalination, so many people prefer bottled water for flavor. Restaurants typically serve bottled water by default and will charge for it; you can request tap water (agua del grifo) for free, though not all establishments honor this.

Tipping in Spain is a gesture of appreciation rather than an obligation, as service staff receive proper wages under Spanish labor law. In restaurants, rounding up the bill or leaving 5-10% for good service is standard; many locals simply leave loose change. There is no tipping expectation at hospitals or clinics. Spain uses the Euro, and credit cards are widely accepted, though it is helpful to carry small bills and coins for tips and small purchases.

Spain has one of Europe's best public transport networks, with metros in Madrid, Barcelona, and Valencia providing direct access to major hospital districts. Uber operates in Madrid and Barcelona, and Cabify is a popular local alternative available in most Spanish cities. High-speed AVE trains connect major medical hubs — Madrid to Barcelona takes 2.5 hours — making it practical to travel between cities for specialist consultations.

Spain's mild Mediterranean climate makes it a year-round destination for medical travel, though summer temperatures in inland cities like Madrid can exceed 40°C (104°F), which may be uncomfortable during post-surgical recovery. Spring (April-May) and autumn (September-October) offer the most pleasant recovery weather with temperatures around 20-25°C. Coastal cities like Barcelona and Valencia benefit from sea breezes, and many recovery-oriented accommodations offer shaded terraces and air conditioning as standard.