Spinal Fusion

Adjacent segment disease occurs when discs and joints near the fused vertebrae degenerate faster due to increased biomechanical stress. Symptomatic disease requiring treatment occurs in roughly 25-36% of patients by 10 years. Risk can be minimized through proper alignment during surgery and minimally invasive techniques.

Pseudoarthrosis means the bones fail to fuse together, occurring in approximately 5-15% of primary lumbar fusions. Hardware failure — broken screws, rod fractures, or cage migration — is more likely when fusion does not solidify. Risk factors include smoking, older age, obesity, and fusion across multiple levels.

A comprehensive package usually covers pre-operative imaging (MRI, CT, X-rays) and blood work, the surgical procedure including implant hardware, ICU and hospital stay (typically 3-5 nights), in-hospital physiotherapy, post-operative imaging, and follow-up consultations before discharge. Items typically excluded are international flights, hotel accommodation during recovery, travel insurance, and long-term rehabilitation at home.

Before traveling, identify a local spine specialist or orthopedic surgeon willing to manage your post-surgical care. Request a detailed operative report from the overseas hospital including the fusion levels, hardware used (brand, sizes), bone graft material, and recommended follow-up imaging schedule. Most international spine centers provide English-language records designed for continuity of care.

Plan for a minimum 2-3 week stay near the hospital after spinal fusion. You will need multiple follow-up appointments, post-operative imaging, and supervised physiotherapy before being cleared to fly. Airlines typically require at least 2-3 weeks after major spine surgery before allowing travel. Book a business-class or premium-economy seat for the return flight for extra recline and legroom.